\(n_{Al}=\dfrac{10.8}{27}=0.4\left(mol\right)\)

\(n_{H_2SO_4}=\dfrac{22.4}{98}=\dfrac{8}{35}\left(mol\right)\)

\(2Al+3H_2SO_4\rightarrow Al_2\left(SO_4\right)_3+3H_2\)

\(2............3\)

\(0.4..........\dfrac{8}{35}\)

\(LTL:\dfrac{0.4}{2}>\dfrac{\dfrac{8}{35}}{3}\Rightarrow Aldư\)

\(m_{Al\left(dư\right)}=\left(0.4-\dfrac{8}{35}\cdot\dfrac{2}{3}\right)\cdot27=6.68\left(g\right)\)

\(m_{Al_2\left(SO_4\right)_3}=\dfrac{8}{35\cdot3}\cdot342=26.05\left(g\right)\)

\(V_{H_2}=\dfrac{8}{35}\cdot22.4=5.12\left(l\right)\)

\(n_{Al}=\dfrac{1,35}{27}=0,05\left(mol\right)\\ 2Al+3H_2SO_4\rightarrow2Al_2\left(SO_4\right)_3+3H_2\\ n_{H_2SO_4}=n_{H_2}=\dfrac{3}{2}.0,05=0,075\left(mol\right)\\ n_{Al_2\left(SO_4\right)_3}=\dfrac{0,05}{2}=0,025\left(mol\right)\\ a,m_{Al_2\left(SO_4\right)_3}=342.0,025=8,55\left(g\right)\\ b,V_{H_2\left(đktc\right)}=0,075.22,4=1,68\left(l\right)\\ c,m_{H_2SO_4}=0,075.98=7,35\left(g\right)\)

\(n_{Al}=\dfrac{1,35}{27}=0,05mol\)

\(2Al+3H_2SO_4\rightarrow Al_2\left(SO_4\right)_3+3H_2\)

0,05      0,075        0,025           0,075

\(m_{Al_2\left(SO_4\right)_3}=0,025\cdot342=8,55g\)

\(V_{H_2}=0,075\cdot22,4=1,68l\)

\(m_{H_2SO_4}=0,075\cdot98=7,35g\)

PTHH: \(2Al\left(OH\right)_3+3H_2SO_4\rightarrow Al_2\left(SO_4\right)_3+6H_2O\)

Ta có: \(n_{Al\left(OH\right)_3}=\dfrac{7,8}{78}=0,1\left(mol\right)\)

\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{H_2SO_4}=0,15mol\\n_{Al_2\left(SO_4\right)_3}=0,05mol\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}m_{H_2SO_4}=0,15\cdot98=14,7\left(g\right)\\m_{Al_2\left(SO_4\right)_3}=0,05\cdot342=17,1\left(g\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)

n H2SO4=\(\dfrac{10\%.490}{2+32+16.4}=0,5mol\)

n Al2O3 =\(\dfrac{10,2}{27.2+16.3}=0,1mol\)

       \(Al_2O_3+3H_2SO_4->Al_2\left(SO_4\right)_3+3H_2O\)

bđ    0,1............0,5

pư    0,1............0,3..................0,1

spu   0 ................0,2................0,1 

=> sau pư gồm H2SO4 dư , Al2(S04)3 và H2O

m H2SO4 dư = \(0,2.\left(2+32+16.3\right)=19,6g\)

m Al2(SO4)3 = \(0,1\left(27.2+32.3+16.4.3\right)=34,2g\)

m dd = \(490+10,2=500,2g\)

% Al2(SO4)3 = \(\dfrac{34,2}{500,2}.100\sim6,84\%\)

% H2SO4 dư = \(\dfrac{19,6}{500,2}.100\sim3,92\%\)

\(a,PTHH:2Al+3H_2SO_4\rightarrow Al_2\left(SO_4\right)_3+3H_2\\ \Rightarrow\text{Số nguyên tử Al là }2\\ b,n_{H_2}=\dfrac{13,44}{22,4}=0,6\left(mol\right)\\ \Rightarrow n_{Al_2\left(SO_4\right)_3}=\dfrac{1}{3}n_{H_2}=0,2\left(mol\right)\\ \Rightarrow m_{Al_2\left(SO_4\right)_3}=0,2\cdot342=68,4\left(g\right)\\ c,C_1:n_{H_2SO_4}=n_{H_2}=0,6\left(mol\right)\\ \Rightarrow m_{H_2SO_4}=0,6\cdot98=58,8\left(g\right)\\ C_2:n_{Al}=\dfrac{2}{3}n_{H_2}=0,4\left(mol\right)\\ \Rightarrow m_{Al}=0,4\cdot27=10,8\left(g\right)\\ m_{H_2}=0,6\cdot2=1,2\left(g\right)\\ \text{Bảo toàn KL: }m_{H_2SO_4}=m_{Al_2\left(SO_4\right)_3}+m_{H_2}-m_{Al}=68,4+1,2-10,8=58,8\left(g\right)\)

n O H - =   n H + = 0 , 06 m o l T h e o   ( * * )   n B a S O 4   =   n B a 2 +   = 0 , 04 m o l T h e o   ( * * * )   n O H - =   3   x   0 , 03   x   2 = 0 , 18 m o l ;   n A l ( O H ) 3 = 0 , 03   x   2 = 0 , 06 m o l T h e o   ( * * * * )   n O H -   =   0 , 18 + 0 , 04 x 2   -   0 , 06   -   0 , 18 = 0 , 02 m o l   n A l ( O H ) 3 d ư = 0 , 06   - 0 , 02 = 0 , 04   m o l .

→ m_↓ = m_Al(OH)3 + m_BaSO4 = 0,04 × 78 + 0,04 × 233 = 12,44 gam

→ Đáp án đúng là đáp án D

\(n_{Al}=\dfrac{5.4}{27}=0.2\left(mol\right)\\ n_{H_2SO_4}=\dfrac{49}{98}=0.5\left(mol\right)\)

      \(2Al+3H_2SO_4\rightarrow Al_2\left(SO_4\right)_3+3H_2\)

\(Bđ:0.2..........0.5\)

\(Pư:0.2.........0.3..............0.1............0.3\)

\(Kt:0...........0.2...............0.1.............0.3\)

\(m_{Al_2\left(SO_4\right)_3}=0.1\cdot342=34.2\left(g\right)\)

\(V_{H_2}0.3\cdot22.4=6.72\left(l\right)\)

1. Gọi mol của Mg và Al là x, y mol

=> 24x + 27y = 12,6 (1)

nH2 = 0,6 mol => x + 1,5y = 0,6 (2)

Từ (1) (2) => x = 0,3 ; y = 0,2 

=> %Mg = 57,14%

=> %Al = 42,86%

1. Gọi mol của Mg và Al là x, y mol

=> 24x + 27y = 12,6 (1)

nH2 = 0,6 mol => x + 1,5y = 0,6 (2)

Từ (1) (2) => x = 0,3 ; y = 0,2 

=> %Mg = 57,14%

=> %Al = 42,86%

1. Gọi mol của Mg và Al là x, y mol

=> 24x + 27y = 12,6 (1)

nH2 = 0,6 mol => x + 1,5y = 0,6 (2)

Từ (1) (2) => x = 0,3 ; y = 0,2 

=> %Mg = 57,14%

=> %Al = 42,86%

Gọi mol của Mg và Al là x, y mol

=> 24x + 27y = 12,6 (1)

nH2 = 0,6 mol => x + 1,5y = 0,6 (2)

Từ (1) (2) => x = 0,3 ; y = 0,2 

=> %Mg = 57,14%

=> %Al = 42,86%